Sudan

Overview

Sudan is facing one of the world’s largest humanitarian and displacement crises, triggered by escalating conflict, economic turmoil, and extreme food insecurity. Since April 2023, violent clashes between rival military factions have displaced over 13 million people and left nearly half of Sudan's 51 million citizens in urgent need of humanitarian aid.

Country Facts

• Population: 51 million (2025 estimate)
• People in Need: 25 million people require humanitarian assistance
• Food Insecurity: 25.6 million facing crisis-level hunger, including 8.5 million in emergency conditions
• Displacement: Over 13 million displaced internally or across borders
• Poverty: More than 60% of the population lives in poverty
• Healthcare: Majority of hospitals are out of service due to conflict

Crisis 

Sudan, once considered a potential regional leader, has been marred by decades of internal conflict. The secession of South Sudan in 2011 triggered economic shockwaves, cutting off vital oil revenues. This, coupled with inflation, food price hikes, and governance issues, fueled protests that led to President Omar al-Bashir’s removal in 2019.

A transitional government was formed but faced setbacks, including a military coup in 2021 and renewed political deadlock in 2023. The collapse of peace negotiations between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in April 2023 ignited widespread conflict, transforming Sudan into the world’s largest displacement crisis.

As of early 2025, nearly 26 million people are experiencing acute hunger, and 13 million have been forced to flee. Infrastructure, including hospitals and supply chains, has collapsed, with the economy suffering catastrophic damage. The United Nations has launched a $6 billion humanitarian response plan, but urgent international action is needed.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What caused the conflict in Sudan in 2023?
The conflict erupted due to a breakdown in political negotiations between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), both vying for power amidst a fragile transition to civilian rule.

How has the conflict impacted food security?
Armed clashes have destroyed agricultural zones, disrupted supply chains, and caused massive displacement. Over 25 million people face crisis-level food insecurity.

Who is most affected by the crisis?
Women and children make up the majority of the displaced. Healthcare, nutrition, and safety for these vulnerable populations are severely lacking.

What international support is being provided?
The UN launched a $6 billion humanitarian response plan in 2025. Aid organizations are delivering food, water, shelter, and medical aid, but access remains difficult in many regions.

How can people help Sudan?
You can support humanitarian efforts by donating to organizations like the International Rescue Committee, UNHCR, and World Food Programme. Spreading awareness and advocating for diplomatic solutions are also essential.