Bahamas

Overview

The Bahamas is a key destination for migrants in the Caribbean, particularly for those fleeing instability in Haiti, Cuba, and other neighboring countries. Despite government efforts to manage immigration and develop asylum procedures, the nation faces significant challenges related to human trafficking, discrimination, and the lack of a formal refugee legal framework.

Country Facts

• Population: 400,000
• Primary Source Countries of Migrants: Haiti, Cuba, other Caribbean nations
• People Displaced by Natural Disasters: Thousands after Hurricane Dorian
• Number of Detained Migrants (Estimate): Hundreds annually

Crisis

The Bahamas faces mounting pressure from irregular migration, with many migrants risking perilous sea journeys in unsafe vessels to reach Bahamian shores. The situation escalated after Hurricane Dorian, which displaced thousands, including undocumented migrants. Despite being a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention, the country lacks a comprehensive legal framework for processing asylum seekers. This legal gap, coupled with discrimination particularly against Haitians has raised concerns about human rights and equitable treatment. While the Bahamian government has taken steps to train personnel for asylum screening and has collaborated with UNHCR, concerns remain about the treatment of detainees, especially at the Carmichael Road Detention Centre. Reports of poor conditions and forced repatriations persist, underscoring the need for systemic reform and stronger protection mechanisms.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Why are so many migrants coming to The Bahamas?
Many are fleeing political instability, poverty, and violence—particularly in Haiti and Cuba—hoping to find safety and opportunity in The Bahamas.

What challenges do migrants face upon arrival?
Migrants often face detention in poor conditions, limited access to legal representation, and potential forced returns if they are not granted asylum.

Is The Bahamas part of international refugee agreements?
Yes, The Bahamas is a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention but lacks a formal legal framework to fully implement refugee protections.

How does the government respond to irregular migration?
The government conducts sea patrols, detains migrants, and frequently repatriates individuals who do not qualify for asylum.

What role does the U.S. play in this crisis?
The U.S. Coast Guard intercepts migrant boats in the region and sometimes transfers individuals to Bahamian authorities, contributing to the complexity of migration management.